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What is the impact of defamation through libel?

  1. Spoken harm to a reputation

  2. Written harm to a reputation

  3. Physical harm to property

  4. Financial loss from a contract

The correct answer is: Written harm to a reputation

Defamation through libel specifically refers to the act of making false statements that damage a person's reputation, and these statements are made in a written form. This includes any form of published communication, such as in newspapers, books, online postings, or other written mediums, where the defamatory statement is presented in a way that can be objectively viewed by third parties. Libelous statements can have a significant impact on an individual's personal and professional life, leading to loss of reputation, emotional distress, and various potential economic consequences. The key distinguishing factor for libel is that it involves written communication, unlike spoken defamation, known as slander, which pertains to verbal statements. By focusing on the written aspect, this definition clarifies why the appropriate answer highlights the nature of written harm to reputation specifically, making it clear that written expressions of defamation fall under the category of libel.